Differential gearing



A. P. BRUSH ET AL DIFFERENTIAL GEARING Filed Mar. 8, 1919 2 sheets-sheet 1 $54, wky mm A. P. BRUSH ET AL.

DIFFERENTIAL GEARING Feb. 27, 1923. 1,446,545

Filed Mar. 8, 1919 2 sheets-sheet 2 amgmow GZan/Jorz P ,Ziragh amnowi Patented 27, 1923:

ALANSON 1?. BRUSH AND ORR- EN Id.

HACKER, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

DIFFERENTIAL GEABING.

Application filed. March 8,

To ((21 whom it may concern.

Be it known that we, riLANsoN P. BRUSH and Ow-EN M, Nnonnn, both citizens of the United States of America, residing at Detroit, in the county of Viayne and State of ll iichigan, have invented certain new and useful"Improvements in Difierential Gearing, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accomanying drawings.

The invention relates to difierential gearings such as are employed in vehicle drive axles and for similar purposes, and the invention comprises the construction as hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a horizontal section through the axle housing and differential gearing;

Figure 2 is an elevation of the frame member;

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section. therethrough.

A is a frame for the gearing, preferably an integral member having the aligned hearing portions B and B at opposite ends of a central open-ended box-like casing C, and the opposite sides of this casing C are provided with aligned annular bearings D and D. The bearings B and B are adapted to receive the hubs E and E of the bevel gears F and F, and the openings in the box-like frame are of suificientsize for the admission of these gear wheels and the engagement of the same with the bearings l3 and B. G and G are the axle shafts, having the splined. inner ends H and H which are adapted to engage corresponding splineways in the hubs E and E. I are split rings formed of complementary segments which engage grooves at the inner ends of the splined portions H and H, while the inner ends of the gear wheels F and F are recessed to receive the ring segments and to hold the same in engagement with said grooves. J and J are bushings in the annular bearings D and D. K and K are pinions insertable through the bushings J and J into engagement with the gear wheels F and F, said pinions having at their rear ends bearing portions, which are journaled in said bushings. L is a journal pin insertable through aligned bores in the pinions K and K, the opposite ends of said pin being threaded; and M and M are cap members screwed upon the threaded ends of 1919. Serial No. 231,517.

said pin bearing against. the rear ends of the pinions K and K and also seated on the annular bearings D and D. N is a spacer bearing block which is. sleeved upon the pin ii andis interposed between the ends; of the shafts G and G to hold the same from endwise movement. towards each; other.

With the construction as above described; it will be understood that the varlfl fi elements of the differential may be readily engaged with each other and, when completely assembled the gear wheels and pinions will be held from displacement, while the splined shafts are also locked fromendwise movement in either direction. It will also be noted that the diameter of the hearing portion of each pinion which engages the bushing is greater than the mean diameter of the toothed portion thereof. This together with the relatively large end bearing surface upon the cap members M and M will introduce a considerable frictional resistance to the turning of the gears, which is highly desirable as it renders the mechanism to a limited, extent irreversible. In other words, while the differential can function in its normal manner to equalize the driving force transmitted to the two wheels, in case one wheel should lose its traction' this will not relieve all driving force from the ot ier wheel.

The member A is provided with the usual mounting O for the ring gear P which is in mesh with the driving pinion Q.

In addition to the advantage of partial irreversibility and also facility in assembly, the enlarged journal hearings on the pinions impart greatly increased strength to the structure for transmission of the driving torque from the ring gear frame to the axle shafts. Thus all shearing stress is re lieved from the pin L. lhe latter functionsonly to proper align the pinions and to hold the cap members in engagement there with.

What we claim as our invention is:

1. In a differential gearing, the combination with aligned axle shafts and bevel gear wheels mounted thereon, of a pinion in mesh with said gear wheels having a journal portion other than the teeth which is the maximum diameter of the pinion, and a bearing for said journal portion through which said pinion can be inserted into engagement with the gear wheels.

a masses 2. In a diflerential gearing, the combination with aligned axle shafts and gear wheels mounted on said shafts, of a pinion for engaging said gear wheels having a journal portion at its rear end which is of the maxiii'ium diameter of the pinion a hear ing for said journal portion through which the pinion can be inserted, and a cap'ior bearing against the end of said pinion and holding the same in engagement.

3. In a differential gearing, the combination with aligned axle shafts and gear 1 wheels mounted on said shaitts, ot a pinion in mesh with said gear wheels having a ournal portion at, its rear end of the maximum diameter of the pinion, a central pin on which said pinion is also ournaled, and a cap for hearing on the end of said pinion secured to said pin' 4. In adi'lierential gearing, the combination with aligned axle shafts and gear wheels mounted thereon, of a pair of pinions in mesh with said gear wheels on diametrically opposite sides thereof, each of said pinions'having a journal portion at the rear end thereof which is of the maximum diam-- eter of the pinion, bearings for saidjournal portions through which said pinions may belinsertedinto enga ement with said 'ear .3 h 5:)

wheels, a pin extending through aligned central bores in said pinions, and caps secured to the opposite ends of said pin seated on the ends of said bearings and also forming bearingsi'or the ends of said pinions.

ln a-difierential gearing the combination with aligned axle shafts and gear wheels mounted tiereoii, of a pair oi pinions engaging said gear wheels on diametrically opposite sides thereof, eaeh'o-lf said pinions having a tooth portion at its innerend and a journal portion at its outer end which is of themaximum diameter of the pinion, a

frame in which said gear wheels'are jour nale'd having journal bearings for said pin;

ions and through whiohthe pinions are inserted into engagement with gear wheels, a' pin extending through aligned bores in said pinions and having a threaded portion at one end, and caps secured by said.

and being seated on the ends oi said journal bearings. I r

A differential. gearing, comprising a frame member having aligned journal portions and an open ended box-like portion therebetween, gear wheels in engagement with said journal bearings, said corresponding wheels being .insertable through the open end of said box-like portion, axle Sllit'lftS having their inner ends spliiied and in engagement with said gear wheels, said shafts having annular grooves at their in ner ends, segmental rings engaging Said an nular grooves withdrawable into recesses in said gear wheels, pinions engaging said gear wheels on diametrically opposite sides thereof, each of said pinioiis having a journal portion of the maximum diameter oijthe pinion, hearings in said iraiiie for said journals through which said pinions can be inserted into engagement with said gear wheels, a pin extending through aligned bores in said pinions, a'spaoer block sleeved on said pin and arranged between the ends of said axle shafts, and caps secured to the opposite ends of said pin forming end bearmegs against saidpinions and seated on the wheels mounted thereon, or apinion in mesh with said gear wheels having a journal portion, a irame in which said gear vwheels are journaled, and means for offering a relatively high frictionalresistance; to the turn in of said ninion said means inoliidin a bearing upon said frameand in engagement with said journal portion and a member upon said'trame and in'engagement with the'outer end of said pinion. 8. in a differential 'earing,the combination with aligned axle shafts and'bevel gear wheels mounted thereon, of a pinion in mesh with said gear wheels having a journal portion at its rear end which is of the inanii um diameter of thepinioi'i, and a bearing for said ournal portionthrou'gli which said 1 pinion can be inserted.

, In testimony whereof we atiix our signatures.

ALANSON P. BRUSH, OWEN NACKER 

